Thanks for the reply but I got the answer from Chris Jude below -
FC-4550 is a 9-speed chainset, so there’s a bit more gap between the back of the 50 and the teeth of the 34, than on a 10-speed chainset. It’s not that the chainring centres are any different, but the back of the 10-speed 50T ring will have a bit more thickness so as to make the gap too small for a narrower 10-speed chain to drop into.
When your 9-speed 50T outer was new, it also had enough stuff sticking out the back to kick the 10-speed chain out of that gap, as it de-railed and fell toward the inner ring’s teeth. The main role of that stuff, sticking out the back, is to grab the chain when you up-shift, so those pins and bulges etc. get worn, so now they don’t deliver such a good left kick to a descending chain, that consequently can more easily find its way into the gap between outer and inner. This happens most in the four outer sprockets, because then the chain is aligned more to the right already and needs that extra kick to make it fall to the left. The edges of the chain will also have been smoothed by wear, so it slips more easily into that gap.
This is a classic case of a mixture of equipment that works okay when everything is brand new, but exposes its fundamental incompatibilities once a bit of wear and tear has taken place. The solution, of course, is to obey the instructions of Mr Shimano and fit a chainset that’s really designed for 10-speed chain, e.g. FC-5650 (Shimano 105 34,50T).