iviehoff wrote:I have often wondered whether there was materially lower air resistance at altitude
Formally, air resistance is proportional to density multiplied by velocity squared in fully turbulent flow.
Density is proportional to air pressure, and inversely to (absolute) temperature; air pressure falls with altitude.
So yes, there is lower air resistance at altitude, and also in hot weather. Even at ground level, air pressure can vary by +/- 5%
Which is why Bradley Wiggins had the velodrome heated for his hour record attempt, and cursed the high air pressure on the day.
For mortals like myself, however, a bit more effort and a few less cakes is what really matters...