Thanks gaz I think you have clarified some aspects.
The Articles also mentions;
7. LIABILITY OF MEMBERS
7.1 The liability of the Members is limited.
7.2 Every Member of the Charity undertakes to contribute to the assets of the Charity in the event of the same being wound up while he is a Member or within one year after he ceases to be a Member for payment of the debts and liabilities of the Charity contracted before he ceases to be a Member and of the costs, charges and expenses of winding up and for the adjustment of the rights of the contributories among themselves, such amount as may be required not exceeding £1.
13.6 If the Trustees reasonably conclude that a Petition is not lodged in good faith or is designed to achieve aims other than the best interests of the Charity, the Trustees may require the petitioning Members to bear the reasonable costs properly incurred by the Charity in conducting the poll and implementing the result.
'implementing the result' - will never be certain about costs.
'or is designed to achieve aims other than the best interests of the Charity' - member signing a petition would not usually have access to legal opinion to know if it could be considered in the best interests of the Charity, and the Charity makes no specific provision for them to clarify the position.
Also the members were not given the individual option if they wished to join a charity as opposed to being a member of a cycling club. The Charity status is imposed on them, against there wishes in some cases. The Charity is run for both the benefits of its members and the wider public. In these circumstances it may be the definition used 'the best interests of the Charity' is too narrow to be legally binding on its members. Life members cannot easily unsubscribe if they wished or it seems, with no provision made in the AoA. A Charity imposing fines on its members would also be negative publicity for that Charity and potentially costly if contested via the courts.
The Charity Commissions advice to the CTC encourages an approach of member v trustees, whereas members have in large part the same objectives as the trustees and trustees are selected from their members in most cases. There advice is one towards legal actions and not trying to find the best solution that suits the needs of the CTC.
Speculation follows;
To be fair to members, those not wishing to be in a Charity should be given the option of being members of the CTC - non charitable section, leaving those that do to be in the Charitable section. How feasible and practical is difficult to say. The advantages would be allowing members a choice and those members not be subject to Charity status rules or requirements. On application for membership a simple choice could be made, Charitable section or club section (non charitable section). A feasibility study/report would be needed to consider all the issue and try to determine if practical and the advantages vs any disadvantages. The division of income/funds/debts could be in proportion of the number of member in each section, technically this is a paperwork exercise, with perhaps some joint owned elements. A common agreement to provide a set proportion of funds for some aspects, management, magazine, insurance, campaigning etc. It could be left to members to have to inform the CTC if they wished to join the non-charitable section at their next renewal date or for Life members, making for less paperwork. It may not be easy but may be possible, if desirable could depend on individual views.