TM, I think there are fairly clear constraints on your choice;
there are lots of lights out there which are QD (with rubber bands etc)
but they are almost always designed to mount to the handlebars and the seat pin. If you are happy with those mounting points, (or you can fit such lights using a bracket like this;
http://www.sjscycles.co.uk/madison-universal-light-mounting-kit-for-madison-pannier-racks-prod26342/ ) then choose those.
If you are not happy with those mounting points then you should consider lights that
a) quickly clip into a bracket, and
b) that you can get a bracket for each bike, that fits that bike and
c) that you can easily buy spare brackets for
You may also want these lights to be USB rechargeable etc but I suspect that is a) expensive (or junky if cheaper) and b) a bridge too far bearing in mind the other constraints re spare brackets and fitting to other bikes.
Given that these are meant to be back-up lights (or I suppose 'occasional use ones' on other bikes) then I don't think they need to be as bright as your primary lights and therefore they can have a longer run time for a given size/weight of battery.
You mentioned an EL-130 light; why not use something like that as a back-up light at the front? You can buy spare brackets for it and it will run for a long time (about 100 hours?.. that is six months on one set of batteries...?) in flashing mode. [ BTW When I have used that type of light I have covered the top of the light with tape so that it doesn't shine into my eyes.]
Similarly a Cat-Eye TD-170 rear light mounts to a simple bracket that costs £3. Because there is a single mounting screw for the shoe that holds the light, you can very easily adapt this mounting system to fit a variety of different bikes, using smaller clips (eg p clips) that go round the seat stays or carrier stays .
As I mentioned previously the choice of battery type can make the difference between being likely to be caught out by flat batteries or not; choose right and you don't really need a charge indicator.
cheers