Mick F wrote:Lance Dopestrong wrote:Strictly speaking the Toyota system isn't an automatic - it's an epicyclic system, there are no gears to change, although from the point of view of the drivers right foot there's little difference.
Yes, this is correct.
The car drives as an EV, a combined EV/Engine, and just Engine.
The engine swaps from Otto Cycle to Simulated Atkinson Cycle as required and the engine revs at the optimum at all times.
The driver has no control of these things and just drives the car.
Even round here with all the hills, we're getting 55mpg just driving locally. It's capable of 60-70mpg on main roads.
The brakes are a combination of Regen, Regen and rear only, and Regen and all four brakes.
Again, the driver has no control over these, and just brakes to retard the car.
This is a digression though.

I'm not suggesting that all cars should be Hybrids, but it wouldn't be a bad idea at all.
I feel that "normal" gearboxes are an anachronism. The standard manual gearbox system should be consigned to the museum and better systems should have been
commonplace by now. Typical of the motor industry!!
That's interesting. There seem to be different hybrid designs for operating the engines to put power to wheel.
Ours is a Mitsubishi that has electric motors on both axles, a petrol engine and a generator. The battery charge with electric motors alone does about 30 miles but there are two modes in which the petrol engine can also be used:
* "save", which employs the petrol engine to drive the generator which supplies juice to the battery to keep it at a set level; and
* "save-charge" which supplies current from petrol engine driving the generator to drive the electric motors and to charge up the battery to full.
Generally the petrol engine, if used, only drives the generator to produce charge for the electric motors - unless the vehicles driven very hard (foot to the floor) or fast (above 80kph) when the petrol engine can also drive the front wheels direct. The torque with electric motors is fairly constant at all motor speeds so no need for gears. The petrol engine seems to have some form of auto-gearing but generally is in one "gear" revving to charge the battery and/or supply a current to the electric motors.
The driver can choose to use only the battery or one of the above petrol/electric motor combinations. Hard acceleration or very steep hill climbing might see the petrol engine come on automatically, even if EV-only mode has been selected.
In addition, there's regenerative braking which, down long steep Welsh hills, puts back a surprising amount of charge into the battery rather than heating up and wearing down brake shoes and discs. This has five levels of resistance from none to quite a lot. Paddles either side of the steering wheel let you instantaneously apply the amount of drag required, just as with an ordinary brake.
In practice, it's possible to get about 40-45mpg when using the petrol engine to run the generator to run the elctric motors when the battery's empty. That's surprising for a 4-wheel drive SUV thing of 1.8 metric tons. What seems to increase the mpg is the ability to trundle along with no drive and no regenerative braking - i.e. to freewheel with the engine off, which isn't usually advised in an ICE car. Any regen braking puts a bit into the battery which is subsequently used to drive the electric motors until that charge is used up. The petrol engine automatically switches on and off in all this.
So, freewheeling with engine-off + no heating brakes up but creating battery charge instead + no wasting fuel using the petrol engine as a compression brake .... all adds up to more mpg.
It suits us as our journeys are typically 12-30 miles a day so 99% of the time it's running on solar panel-supplied electricity. In fact, the software gives warnings then enforcements to use the petrol engine at least once every 3 months, so it doesn't go moribund. There's also a demand to put in bits of fresh petrol on a similar schedule as apparently that goes off with age too. So far it's had £20-summick worth of petrol put in since we got it some three months ago.
Hybrids are sold as being able to be all things to all drivers. This Mitsubishi will still do 450 miles on one battery charge and a full tank of fuel, although most of that would be on petrol. As a 99% electric-run, charged-via-solar run-about full of wife, dogs, bikes or other paraphenalia, it's very quiet, clean-green and inexpensive to run.
Cugel